New Type Energy||Renewable Energy

Clathrate hydrates (or gas clathrates, gas hydrates, clathrates, hydrates, etc.) are crystalline water-based solids physically resembling ice, in which small non polar molecules (typically gases) are trapped inside "cages" of hydrogen bonded water molecules. In other words, clathrate hydrates are clathrate compounds in which the host molecule is water and the guest molecule is typically a gas. Without the support of the trapped molecules, the lattice structure of hydrate clathrates would collapse into conventional ice crystal structure or liquid water. Most low molecular weight gases (including O2, H2, N2, CO2, CH4, H2S, Ar, Kr, and Xe), as well as some higher hydrocarbons and freons will form hydrates at suitable temperatures and pressures. Clathrate hydrates are not chemical compounds as the sequestered molecules are never bonded to the lattice. The formation and decomposition of clathrate hydrates are first order phase transitions, not chemical reactions.

Their detailed formation and decomposition mechanisms on a molecular level are still not well understood. Clathrate hydrates were first documented in 1810 by Sir Humphrey Davy.

The scientific name is "ice flammable gas hydrate", is at 0 ° and 30 atmosphere under the action of crystallization and become "ice". "Ice" 80% ~ 99.9 percent of methane, can directly, after burning almost do not produce any pollution than residual, coal, oil and natural gas are much smaller. One cubic meters for ice flammable 164 cubic metres of gas and 0.8 cubic meters of water. At present, the world with conventional oil and gas resources in 40 years, will gradually exhausted after 50 years or. Scientists estimate, sea ice distribution scope of ignition about 4,000 square kilometers, accounting for 10% of the total Marine reserves, sea ice is the ignition, human use 1000 years by scientists as "future energy", "energy" 21st century.
So far, the world is at least more than 30 countries and regions on the research and investigation ignition ice exploration.
Flammable ice storage cold main lighting or the permafrost regions, hard to find and exploration. The new development of the high sensitivity, the instrument can detect real-time field of soil and rock submarine methane and ethane, ultra trace and accurate content from hydrogen, judge the combustible gas and existence of ice various indexes.

Clathrates have been found to occur naturally in large quantities. Around 6.4 trillion (i.e. 6.4x1012) tonnes of methane is trapped in deposits of methane clathrate on the deep ocean floor. Such deposits can be found on the Norwegian continental shelf in the northern headwall flank of the Storegga Slide. Clathrates can also exist as permafrost, as at the Mallik gas hydrate field in the Mackenzie Delta of northwestern Canadian Arctic. These natural gas hydrates are seen as a potentially vast energy resource, but an economical extraction method has so far proven elusive. Hydrocarbon clathrates cause problems for the petroleum industry, because they can form inside gas pipelines often resulting in plug formation. Deep sea deposition of Carbon dioxide clathrate has been proposed as a method to remove this greenhouse gas from the atmosphere and control climate change.

Clathrates are suspected to occur in large quantities on some outer planets, moons and trans-Neptunian objects, binding gas at fairly high temperatures.